Richard E. Honig
The information listed below is current as of the date the transcript was finalized.
Interview Details
Interview Sessions
Abstract of Interview
Richard E. Honig was born in Göttingen, Germany, the eldest of three boys. His father, a professor of law at the University of Göttingen, was among the first group of professors dismissed from the university by the Nazi regime in 1933. The family subsequently relocated to Istanbul, Turkey, where Honig's father had been asked to help westernize the Turkish educational system. Honig spent his last two years of high school at a German school in Istanbul, where he augmented the classical education he received in Germany with a math and science curriculum. He went on to attend Robert College, an American college in Istanbul, from which he was graduated with a bachelor of science degree in electrical engineering. In 1938, Honig moved to the United States to pursue a PhD in Physics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Through a course in nuclear physics, he became interested in the nature of atoms, molecules and particularly isotopes, and eventually built his own mass spectrometer to study the effects of deuterium and cyclotron radiation on methane. Because there was little activity in mass spectrometry at MIT at the time, Honig immersed himself in the literature and visited several commercial laboratories involved in mass spectrometry, notably John Hipple's lab at Westinghouse Corporation and a commercial lab in New England that owned a Consolidated Engineering Company (CEC) mass spectrometer. His thesis on the nature of gas flow in that mass spectrometer, which was written under the direction of Clark Goodman, an MIT geologist with good knowledge of nuclear physics, grew out of observations he made on the gas inlet system of the CEC instrument. While still a student at MIT, Honig taught for a year at Bluffton College in Ohio and then, following the completion of his PhD , taught for several years at MIT. He became a U. S. citizen in the early 1940's. In 1946, Honig accepted a position at Socony-Vacuum Labs in Paulsboro, New Jersey, where he was able to continue the pursuit of his interest in the study of small hydrocarbon molecules with mass spectrometry. Honig joined the research staff at the Radio Corporation of America Laboratories in Princeton, New Jersey, in 1950, where he remained for the rest of his long career. His work began in Don North's group, studying materials used in hot cathodes. He designed and built a two-stage mass spectrometer, which led a few years later to the development of a secondary ion mass spectrometer (SIMS). He spent a year during the mid-1950's at the University of Brussels helping to start a mass spectrometry laboratory with Jean Drowart. He traveled extensively in Germany and England, observing the post-War recoveries of the two countries while participating in mass spectrometry conferences that were beginning to spring up in the late 1950's and early 1960's. Honig's career at RCA focused on materials characterization, particularly impurities in semiconductor materials, first with mass spectrometry and then later with a variety of surface analysis techniques when he became head of the newly formed Materials Characterization Research Group there in the mid-1960's. He reported coupling a laser to a mass spectrometer, demonstrating that the chemical nature of metal, semiconductor, and insulator surfaces could be probed by laser desorption followed by mass analysis. He and his group built a number of mass spectrometers, including several within ultrahigh vacuum systems to facilitate surface analysis. His long-time interest in cluster formation led to his measurement of elemental vapor pressures as a function of temperature and the evaluation of previously reported values for these quantities. The so-called vapor pressure curves he generated, initially hand-drawn in the days before computer-aided graphics, were first published in 1957 and updated in 1962 and 1969. Honig stepped down from his managerial position in 1982 and spent the next several years back in the laboratory helping to design and build a new mass spectrometer to study the organic materials on surfaces. When RCA was purchased by General Electric in the mid-1980's, the nature of research in the laboratories changed, and Honig elected to retire in 1987, just short of his seventieth birthday. During the interview Honig describes some of his collaborations with colleagues and his papers, of which there are many. He talks about the growth of mass spectrometry technology and its organizations, the American Society for Testing and Materials and the American Society for Mass Spectrometry, of which he was the second president. He suggests that his work in the development of SIMS started in the "Stone Age" of mass spectrometry, where available electronics limited progress, and finished with the flowering of the technology which was made possible in part by the advent of solid-state devices.
Education
Year | Institution | Degree | Discipline |
---|---|---|---|
1938 | Robert College | BSEE | |
1939 | Massachusetts Institute of Technology | MS | Physics |
1944 | Massachusetts Institute of Technology | PhD | Physics |
Professional Experience
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Bluffton College
Socony-Vacuum Research Laboratories
RCA Laboratories
Brussels University
Honors
Year(s) | Award |
---|---|
1964 to 1968 | Chairman of Subcommittee VII on Solids Studies of ASTM E-14 Committee on Mass Spectrometry |
1968 to 1970 | Vice President, American Society for Mass Spectrometry |
1970 to 1972 | President, American Society for Mass Spectrometry |
1972 to 1974 | Past President, American Society for Mass Spectrometry |
1972 to 1974 | Fellow, American Physical Society |
1972 to 1974 | Adjunct Research Professor, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (while still at RCA Laboratories) |
1986 | Awarded The Science Medal from the Vrije Universiteit of Brussels |
Member, Böhmische Physical Society |
Table of Contents
Born in Göttingen, Germany. Family. Father's profession; law professor. Dismissal from the University by Nazi movement. Moving to Istanbul. High school classes and teachers. Julius Stern. Interest in physics and math. Robert College.
Moving to United States. Entering graduate school at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Developing interest in mass spectrometry. A year teaching at Bluffton College in Ohio. Clark Goodman, geologist, thesis advisor. Building accelerating potential mass spectrometer from whatever hardware he could find. Visiting John Hipple's lab at Westinghouse Electric Corporation. PhD in physics.
Part-time job at Socony-Vacuum Labs (later Mobil), while teaching at MIT. Experiences as a resident alien. Learns much at Socony, but leaves after four years. Colleagues and papers.
Takes job at RCA Research Laboratories in Princeton, New Jersey. Studying hot cathodes in Don North's group. Excellent facilities at lab; "aboriginal" computer. Building two-stage mass spectrometer; beginning of secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS). Observation of carbon clusters. Carbon vaporization value. Spending a year at University of Brussels working with Jean Drowart. Traveling in Germany and England. Quadrupole mass spectrometer in Wolfgang Paul's lab.
Contracts with United States Air Force. Spark source mass spectrometry. Gets interested in lasers coupled to mass spectrometers. Moves into materials characterization. Builds research group, calls them "fine" and "happy. " Develops interest in vapor pressure of the elements; revises, constructs and draws curves without use of computer. Designs ultrahigh vacuum system with built-in mass spectrometer. Moving into semiconductor characterization.
RCA sold to GE. RCA Labs now redundant; handed over to SRI International; becomes completely different place. Retirement at age 70, as his lab is winding down. American Society for Testing and Materials. Second president of American Society for Mass Spectrometry. Living through "Stone Age" of mass spectrometry; history of SIMS. Solid state devices important technology.
About the Interviewer
Michael A. Grayson is a member of the Mass Spectrometry Research Resource at Washington University in St. Louis. He received his BS degree in physics from St. Louis University in 1963 and his MS in physics from the University of Missouri at Rolla in 1965. He is the author of over 45 papers in the scientific literature. Before joining the Research Resource, he was a staff scientist at McDonnell Douglas Research Laboratory. While completing his undergraduate and graduate education, he worked at Monsanto Company in St. Louis, where he learned the art and science of mass spectrometry. Grayson is a member of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry (ASMS), and has served many different positions within that organization. He has served on the Board of Trustees of CHF and is currently a member of CHF's Heritage Council. He currently pursues his interest in the history of mass spectrometry by recording oral histories, assisting in the collection of papers, and researching the early history of the field.